The Color of Law
A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America
The book presents a historical and constitutional argument about residential segregation in the United States. Richard Rothstein disputes the familiar description of metropolitan segregation as merely de facto—that is, arising through private prejudice, household preference, economic inequality, or market behavior without decisive government involvement. He argues that federal, state, and local authorities repeatedly imposed, reinforced, or protected racial separation, making much of the resulting geography de jure segregation. ([guides.loc.gov](https://guides.loc.gov/real-estate-industry-sources/residential/fair-housing?utm_source=openai)) Rothstein builds this case through connected examples rather than a single-city history. He examines racially explicit zoning, segregated public housing, discriminatory federal mortgage policy, suburban development restricted to white purchasers, tax and land-use decisions, official tolerance of violence against integrating families, and public act…